Civil War

Title: Mr. John Harris
Description: Carte de visite portrait of Sergeant John Harris, member of the 10th United States Cavalry Regiment. The 10th Cavalry and other black regiments (including the 9th Cavalry, the 24th Infantry, and the 25th Infantry) acquired the nickname of "Buffalo Soldiers" as a result of their exploits during the Indian Wars.
Object Type: Image

Title: Charles Bluejacket
Description: Photograph of Charles Bluejacket (1816-1897), Kansas member of the Shawnee Tribe. This is found in the 1906 publication of "Transactions of the Kansas Historical Society: Vol. IX.".
Object Type: Image
Date: n.d.

Title: Affidavit of Henry E. McKee
Description: This is the sworn affidavit of Henry E. McKee, signed by Kansas Gov. John W. Geary on October 4, 1856. McKee claims that on October 2, he witnessed H. Miles Moore enter the American Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri, where eight men captured him. They took Moore to Wyandotte, Kansas and “unlawfully imprisoned” him there, McKee says. He adds that if Moore does not receive help soon, “his life is in great hazard and will be sacrificed.”
Object Type: Legal Document
Date: October 4, 1856

Title: Maps of Shawnee Indian Reservation
Description: These 21 plat maps were made ca. 1857 by Isaac Cooper Stuck. The maps are marked with geographical features and locations of people’s land claims within the Shawnee Indian Reservation in eastern Kansas.
Object Type: Map

Title: Report of the Secretary of War
Description: This is Executive Document No. 50, 2nd Session, 33rd Congress, presented to the Senate on February 14, 1855 by Secretary of War Jefferson Davis. The report contains copies of correspondence “respecting a claim advanced by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the military reservation at Fort Leavenworth; together with the result of his investigation of the alleged interference of certain army officers…with the rights of the Delaware Indians.”
Object Type: Government Document
Date: February 14, 1855

Title: From Abishai Stowell to "Dear Sister"
Description: On October 14, 1863, Abishai Stowell writes from Springfield, Missouri to his sister. Stowell reports that he was recently home on furlough, and says the family wants to move away from their home. He thinks this is unnecessary: "Our folks live in a place where there is no danger from the Indians & but little from the Guirilas." Stowell believes that many girls are so "afraid that the men will all be killed off before this war ends...they marry men that they would not think of speaking to 4 years ago."
Date: October 14, 1863

Title: Constitutional Convention, Topeka, Kansas Territory [Topeka]
Description: Wood engraving depicting the Topeka Constitutional Convention of December 15, 1855. At the convention, Free-Staters voted to adopt the Topeka Constitution for Kansas Territory, provisionally banning slavery in Kansas and allowing suffrage for "civilized" male Native Americans, but still excluded blacks from settling in the state. However, the constitution failed to gain the recognition of proslavery settlers and the federal government, including President Franklin Pierce, who declared the Topeka legislature to be illegal and treasonous.
Object Type: Image
Date: December 15, 1855

Title: From George W. Collamore to William P. Dole
Description: This letter, dated April 21, 1862, is from George W. Collamore to Hon. William P. Dole, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Writing from Washington, DC, Collamore provides an account of his "recent visit to the Loyal Indians who were obliged to flee from their pursuers (the rebel Indians and Texans) in the dead of Winter and are now encamped on the Neosho River" in southern Kansas. Collamore states that these Indians, numbering about 8,000, have suffered and many have died from exposure and lack of food.
Date: April 21, 1862

Title: From W.W. to M.
Description: On June 22, 1856, W.W. writes from Washington to "M." (possibly Matthew Walker). W.W. reports that Gen. Whitfield arrived in Washington with several other men from Kansas, who "maintained a most singular and studied reserve" when they saw him. He adds that "the Abolition members are woefully down in the mouth about the availability of Sharp's rifles in Kansas. Pomeroy, Roberts and Eldridge have arrived, but no Gov. Reeder."
Object Type: Letter
Date: June 22, 1856

Title: From S. Shelly to Mrs. Staples
Description: This letter, dated February 20, 1865, is from S. Shelly in Independence, Missouri to Mrs. Staples. Shelly writes that the Missouri Militia will be recruiting soldiers in the area, and "I don't suppose any one will be exempted unless they are blind in boath eys or boath arms taken off." Shelly tells Mrs. Staples that there have been cases of smallpox in the area, but mostly among "negroes and soldiers." Shelly also mentions that mail service was stopped in Denver City "on account of Indian hostilities" but will resume again under military escort.
Date: February 20, 1865

Title: Plan of the Public Surveys in Kansas and Nebraska
Description: This black-and-white map, signed by J. Calhoun, Surveyor General of Kansas and Nebraska, was issued by the Surveyor General’s office in Wyandott, Kansas Territory on October 20, 1856. The map is entitled "Plan of the Public Surveys in Kansas and Nebraska." It was printed by Ackerman Lithographers in New York.
Object Type: Map
Date: October 20, 1856

Title: From Edward Fitch to Dear Parents
Description: In an April 28, 1861 letter to his parents in Massachusetts, Edward Fitch of Lawrence, Kansas declares, “did you think that you would ever live to see it—a Civil War, the most horrible of all wars.” He informs them that he has joined an artillery company. He adds that the military “is organising in large numbers” in Lawrence, but he expresses his fear that if Missouri secedes from the Union, Kansas will not have enough arms or ammunition for defense. He also expresses concern that the Cherokee and Choctaw tribes will fight for the South.
Date: April 28, 1861

Title: From Samuel R. Curtis to Thomas Carney
Description: This telegram, dated June 7, 1864, was sent by Maj. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, to Kansas Gov. Thomas Carney. Curtis states that he has been authorized to issue 1,000 arms and 200,000 rounds of ammunition to the militia. He tells Curtis that “Bushwhackers are east & south of us and hostile thieving indians west but with great vigilance on the part of federal & state troops we may protect the settlement.”
Object Type: Telegram
Date: June 7, 1864

Title: From Unknown to Thomas Carney
Description: This telegram was sent from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas to Kansas Gov. Thomas Carney on April 26, 1864. The telegram consists of an April 23, 1864 telegraph communication between Col. Phillips and Major General S.R. Curtis. Phillips informs Curtis that his troops are tracking Quantrill’s movements through Kansas along the Arkansas River, and that one of his companies stationed near the river may meet Quantrill soon. Curtis replies that from Phillips’ telegram, he infers Quantrill’s location to be on the southern side of the Arkansas.
Object Type: Telegram
Date: April 26, 1864

Title: From Fred to Dear Cousins
Description: This February 28, 1862 letter is from a soldier named Fred to his cousins. He reports that he just marched from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas with Company A, to Kansas City, Missouri, where they are guarding Fort Union against the Jayhawkers. He tells his cousins that the 2nd Battalion of his regiment "had a brush with the rebels at Independence," and adds that he may be marching to St. Louis soon.
Date: February 28, 1862

Title: Sketch of the Public Surveys in Kansas and Nebraska
Description: This black-and-white map, signed by J. Calhoun, Surveyor General, was issued by the Surveyor General’s office in Wyandott, Kansas Territory on November 8, 1856. The map is entitled “Sketch of the Public Surveys in Kansas and Nebraska.” It was printed by A. Hoen and Co. in Baltimore.
Object Type: Map
Date: November 8, 1855

Title: Map Showing the Progress of the Public Surveys in the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska
Description: This black-and-white map, signed by Ward B. Burnett, Surveyor General, was issued by the Surveyor General’s office in Nebraska City, Nebraska Territory on October 1, 1858. The map depicts the progress of the public surveys in Kansas and Nebraska in 1858, and was created to accompany the Surveyor General's report of that year. The map was printed by C.B. Graham Lithographers in Washington, DC.
Date: October 1, 1858

Title: Map Depicting the Western Territory
Description: This undated black-and-white map depicts the Western territory between Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and the Rocky Mountains. The map shows rivers, Indian territories, villages, and other points of interest. A dotted line indicates the route taken by U.S. dragoons in 1835 under the command of Col. Dodge.

Civil War on the Western Border: The Missouri-Kansas Conflict, 1854-1865

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