Civil War

Title: From John W. Ladd to Matthew R. Walker
Description: On July 15, 1860, John W. Ladd writes from Lewis Centre to Matthew R. Walker. Ladd believes "we may expect lively times ahead" with four political parties vying in the presidential election. He discusses national politics briefly, and declares, "the Douglas Popular Sovereignty is about played out and never was anything but a barefaced humbug."
Date: July 15, 1860

Title: Contract for Hire of Slaves
Description: This contract states that William D. Swinney and James O. Swinney will pay Mrs. Mary Enyart $175 to hire two of her slaves, Margaret and David, for one year. The Swinneys promise to pay for the slaves' clothing and medical bills, noting that "Lost time from military violence or running away [will] be deducted from the hire." The contract was signed January 1, 1863 in Howard County, Missouri.
Object Type: Legal Document
Date: January 1, 1863

Title: Discharge Papers of Lawrence Shannon
Description: This document certifies that Lawrence Shannon was discharged from the United States military on October 29, 1861 in St. Joseph, Missouri. The document describes Shannon as a 30-year old stone mason from Ireland. It states that Shannon was captured during the Battle of Lexington and mustered out of service per General Order No. 13. The document is signed by Capt. William Millar and Maj. R.T. Van Horn.
Date: October 29, 1861

Title: Three Dollar Bill
Description: This is a bank note printed in Lawrence, Kansas ca. 1860-1865. It reads: "The Bank of William H.R. Lykins Will pay to Bearer on demand Three Dollars in Current Funds." William H.R. Lykins was the son of Johnston Lykins, the 1854-1855 mayor of Kansas City, Missouri.
Object Type: Currency

Title: From Luke Williams to Jonathan B. Fuller
Description: This letter, dated December 6, 1864, is from Luke Williams in Pleasant Hill, Missouri to Rev. Jonathan B. Fuller. Williams invites Fuller to visit the Union Baptist Church of Cass County, Missouri, and assist the pastor in preaching. "We are in a very cold state as a Church," Williams writes, "torn asunder as it were in consequence of the war."
Date: December 6, 1864

Title: From William Augustus Hall to Oswald Swinney
Description: This letter, ca. 1861-1864, is from William Augustus Hall in Washington to Oswald Swinney in Missouri. Hall says he is attempting to remove the Federal troops from Northern Missouri, where "they are a constant source of arrogance in stealing our negros." He argues that the Enrolled Missouri Militia can adequately protect the region without assistance. He expresses concern about "damage done by rebels" and the possibility of future violence, and he asks Swinney to report on the conditions in Northern Missouri.

Title: From J.B. Henderson to R.T. Van Horn
Description: This letter, dated August 31, 1864, is from J.B. Henderson in Louisiana, Missouri to Col. R.T. Van Horn in Jefferson City, Missouri. Henderson tells Van Horn that before leaving Washington, he spoke with President Lincoln, who said he wanted Van Horn to run for Congress.
Date: August 31, 1864

Title: Proclamation in Support of Rebuilding the Free State Hotel
Description: This proclamation or editorial, ca. August 1863, laments the destruction of the Free State Hotel in Lawrence, Kansas, during Quantrill's Raid on the town: "Pro-Slavery violence has once more poured its wrath upon us." The proclamation recommends the "speedy construction" of a new hotel, and its signers declare their intention to contribute $10,000 toward the project.
Object Type: Circular

Title: Special Orders, No. 37
Description: Special Order No. 37 was issued by John Gray, the Adjutant General of Missouri, on March 26, 1863 in St. Louis. The order certifies that the State of Missouri has accepted the resignation of Capt. James O. Swinney of the Enrolled Missouri Militia. A note at the bottom indicates that a copy of this document was sent to Swinney in Glasgow, Missouri.
Date: March 26, 1863

Title: From James H. Lane to E.M. Stanton
Description: On September 3, 1863, James H. Lane writes from Leavenworth, Kansas to Secretary of War E.M. Stanton. Lane states that as Col. S.W. Eldridge has suffered greatly from the loss of The Free State Hotel in Lawrence, Kansas, during Quantrill's Raid on the town, he should be granted a leave of absence to travel east, presumably to appeal for aid in rebuilding the hotel.
Object Type: Letter
Date: September 3, 1863

Title: From Thomas Fletcher to R.T. Van Horn
Description: This dispatch, dated October 20, 1866, is from Thomas Fletcher in Jefferson City, Missouri to Hon. R.T. Van Horn. Fletcher reports that his plans concerning troop movements within Missouri have changed. He had originally planned to send troops to Platte, Clay, Carroll, Ray, and Chariton counties, but is now occupied with political concerns: "The ablest men in the Conservative Party are detailed to the duty of getting up a disturbance between Genls Sherman[,] Hancock & myself, and it keeps me busy & watchful to prevent them making us trouble."
Date: October 20, 1866

Title: Special Orders, No. 29 and 313
Description: These orders certify that Lieut. Col. R.T. Van Horn was honorably discharged from the 25th Missouri Volunteer Infantry. Special Order No. 29 was issued by Maj. Gen. Grant and signed by T.S. Bowers, Assistant Adjutant General, at the Headquarters of the Military Division of the Mississippi in Nashville, Tennessee on February 3, 1864. Special Order No. 313, issued by the War Department on June 19, 1867, amends Order No. 29 to show that Van Horn was discharged on January 1, 1864. It was signed by E.D. Townsend, Assistant Adjutant General, in Washington, D.C.
Date: February 3, 1864-June 19, 1867

Title: Petition to Henry Wager Halleck
Description: This ca. 1862 petition is addressed to Maj. Gen. Halleck of the Commanding Department of the Mississippi, and is signed by twenty officers of the 25th Missouri Volunteer Infantry. The petitioners urge Halleck to promote Lieut. Col. R.T. Van Horn to Colonel, citing his skill and bravery in the First Battle of Lexington and in the Battle of Shiloh.
Object Type: Petition

Title: From James H. Lane et al to "All Whom It May Concern"
Description: On September 5, 1863, James H. Lane and five others write an open letter from Leavenworth, Kansas to "all whom it may concern." Lane and the others express sympathy with Col. S.W. Eldridge, who is travelling east to seek aid in rebuilding the Free State Hotel in Lawrence, Kansas, which was destroyed during Quantrill's Raid. The signers assure potential contributors to Eldridge's project that he is "a man in every respect worthy of their full confidence."
Date: September 5, 1863

Title: From the 25th Missouri Volunteers to R.T. Van Horn
Description: This December 12, 1863 letter is from eight members of the 25th Missouri Volunteers to Col. R.T. Van Horn in Jefferson City, Missouri. The Volunteers, writing from camp in Columbus, Kentucky, state that their regiment has been ordered to consolidate with Bissell's Engineer Corps, and they ask Van Horn to remain with them as their Commander.
Date: December 12, 1863

Title: From John Brown to Orson Day
Description: This letter, dated December 14, 1855, is from John Brown to Orson Day of White Hall, New York. Writing from his homestead in Osawatomie, Kansas, Brown tells Day that he has just returned from the "Kansas War" and that he believes Kansas Territory is now "entirely in the power of the Free State men." He announces that on the following day, Kansas residents will vote on whether to adopt the Free State Constitution. Brown also informs Day that he has secured a piece of land for him in Kansas.
Date: December 14, 1855

Title: From J.B. Henderson to R.T. Van Horn
Description: This letter, dated March 3, 1864, is from J.B. Henderson in Washington City to Col. R.T. Van Horn. Henderson expresses regret that Van Horn has been mustered out of service, and says he filed an application authorizing Van Horn to raise a brigade. Henderson also reports that "Mr. Lincoln will favor immediate emancipation," and predicts that Lincoln will win the nomination at the Union Convention.
Date: March 3, 1864

Title: Deed of Emancipation of James O. Swinney's Slaves
Description: In this document, James O. Swinney announces that he will emancipate his slaves on January 1, 1864, "in view of the present condition of the institution of slavery." He adds that if he dies before that date, his brother-in-law, William Morrison, will be appointed as his trustee. This document was signed by Swinney and two witnesses, W.H. Savage and James C. Savage, in Howard County, Missouri, on September 4, 1863.
Object Type: Legal Document
Date: September 4, 1863

Title: From S.C. Pomeroy to Col. S.W. Eldridge
Description: On October 8, 1863, S.C. Pomeroy writes from Parker House, Boston to Col. S.W. Eldridge. Pomeroy states that he submitted a proposal to "the Committee" to appropriate $5,000 in funds for rebuilding the destroyed Free State Hotel in Lawrence, Kansas. Pomeroy also proposes that once the hotel is rebuilt, the Mayor of Lawrence should assign a portion of the donated money to assist families affected by the raid. Pomeroy notes, "This last provision sweetens the thing--and I have little doubt that it will pass."
Date: October 8, 1863

Title: From J.B. Henderson to R.T. Van Horn
Description: This letter, dated April 7, 1864, is from J.B. Henderson in Washington City to Col. R.T. Van Horn in Jefferson City, Missouri. Henderson writes that he might try to get Van Horn appointed to office. He expresses his frustration with politics in Washington, stating that "It requires a degree of subservience that I hate," and that whenever President Lincoln makes decisions, "some secretary interferes and he caves."
Object Type: Letter
Date: April 7, 1864

Civil War on the Western Border: The Missouri-Kansas Conflict, 1854-1865

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