Civil War

Title: Missouri State Militia Order for J. J. Akard to Attend a Court Martial
Description: By order of Brigadier General John B. Sanborn, Captain William T. Kittredge instructs Captain James J. Akard to attend a general court martial at Springfield, Missouri on January 30, 1895 and a military commission in Springfield the following day.
Date: January 24, 1865

Title: From T.W.B. Rockwell to Robert M. Stewart
Description: This letter was written on March 16, 1859 by T.W.B. Rockwell in Butler, Bates County, Missouri to Missouri Gov. Robert M. Stewart. Rockwell reports “we…had the Border Bill published in our county paper...the people wish to be organized & as yet I am unable to give them any satisfaction.” He adds, "Affairs are not as quiet as they were," since "we had one negro stolen."
Date: March 16, 1859

Title: Examination of Archibald Kelly
Description: This is Archibald Kelly's Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Kelly, a 33-year-old resident of Liberty, Missouri, states that he was born in Scotland and that he served as a Union soldier during the Civil War. The oath, labeled No. 60 in a bound volume, was signed by Kelly in 1866.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: 1866

Title: Franz Sigel
Description: Print showing Major General Franz Sigel, full-length portrait, facing right, riding on horseback with troops marching in formation.
Object Type: Image
Date: 1862

Title: Martial Law or Order No. 11
Description: Depiction of Order No. 11, which was issued by Union General Thomas E. Ewing at the District of the Border Headquarters in Kansas City, Missouri on August 25, 1863. The order commanded residents of Jackson, Cass, Bates, and northern Vernon counties to leave their homes and move away from the area within fifteen days. Ewing issued the directive four days after Quantrill’s Raid on Lawrence, in an attempt to suppress guerrilla violence.
Object Type: Image
Date: 1868

Title: From Leigh R. Webber to Miss Brown
Description: On August 30 and 31, 1862, Leigh R. Webber writes from Gibson County, Tennessee to Miss Brown. Webber says there are rumors that his regiment may go back to Kansas, but he hopes not. He writes that some of his fellow soldiers say "they had rather go to hell than to Lawrence and that it is the meanest place they were ever in, full of damned Abolitionists." Webber also offers his opinion that "guerrillas infest the country just in proportion, as the great rebel armies...are successful."
Date: August 30, 1862 - August 31, 1862

Title: From Robert M. Stewart to J.W. Denver
Description: This letter, dated August 7, 1858, is from Missouri Gov. Robert M. Stewart to Kansas Gov. J.W. Denver. Stewart informs Denver that Missouri citizens living near the state line in Cass and Bates Counties are in constant danger of attacks by “marauding parties” from Kansas. Therefore, Stewart writes, he plans to station troops along the border to protect his citizens. Stewart asks Denver to cooperate and to do everything in his power to prevent further invasions.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: August 7, 1858

Title: From John A. Bushnell to Eugenia Bronaugh
Description: John A. Bushnell of Calhoun, Missouri writes a letter on September 25 and 27, 1862 to Eugenia Bronaugh in Hickory Grove, Missouri. He tells her that he has been forced to surrender his house to the military for use as a hospital. He complains that he “could not regard it as friendly . . . yet I have done and am doing the best I can to bear with it.” He also discusses his faith in God, and expresses hope for peace and for positive changes in the Democratic Party.
Date: September 25, 1862-September 27, 1862

Title: From Mary E. Bedford to A.M. Bedford
Description: This letter, dated January 11, 1864, is from Mary E. Bedford to her husband, Lieut. Alex M. Bedford. She expresses concern about his ailing health, and promises to send him money and provisions. She shares news of relatives, and reports that “it is peaceable hear now but the lord only knows how long it will remain so.”
Object Type: Letter
Date: January 11, 1864

Title: From A.J. Huntoon to My Dear Wife and Boy
Description: This letter, dated October 6, 7, 10, and 11, 1861, is from A.J. Huntoon to his wife Lizzie and son Prentice. Huntoon, a member of the 5th Kansas Cavalry volunteer regiment, tells his family that he was ordered to take charge of a military hospital in Mapleton, Bourbon County, Kansas. He estimates that there are 50,000-55,000 Union soldiers in Missouri, including the companies of Generals Sturgis, Siegel, and Fremont, and that there are about 70,000 Confederate troops in Missouri under the commandment of Generals McCulloch and Rains. Huntoon predicts that “We will have a big battle in this vicinity ere so long.”
Date: October 6, 1861-October 11, 1861

Title: From Daniel R. Anthony to Sister
Description: This letter, dated February 3, 1862, was written by Daniel R. Anthony in Mound City, Kansas, to his sister. Anthony’s command will march the following day to Humboldt, Kansas; he also plans to visit the Cherokee Nation where “there are 6,000 or 7,000 friendly Indians…ready and willing to fight all rebeldom.” He says that when his troops are on the march, they free and arm every slave they meet, hoping to incite a slave insurrection. Anthony notes that many men believe Frederick Douglass should come to Kansas and raise a regiment of blacks.
Date: February 3, 1862

Title: Quantrill’s Raid on Lawrence
Description: This print, originally published in Harper's Weekly on September 5, 1863, shows Quantrill and his rebel guerrillas killing the citizens of Lawrence, Kansas, and setting fire to the buildings.
Object Type: Image
Date: September 5, 1863

Title: Emancipation Ordinance of Missouri
Description: Commemorative lithograph celebrating the emancipation of Missouri slaves by ordinance of Governor Thomas C. Fletcher on January 11, 1865, three weeks before the Thirteenth Amendment was proposed by Congress.
Object Type: Image

Title: From R.F. Stiger to John W. Geary
Description: R.F. Stiger, Sheriff of Madison County, Kansas writes a letter to Gov. John W. Geary on December 4, 1856. Stiger tells Geary that several families from the East have recently settled in his neighborhood, and that they all appear to be “true and faithful citizens” with the exception of one man, Herman B. Elliott. Elliott has said that all Free State men, including Stiger, must leave the neighborhood. Stiger asks Geary to keep the interests of Madison County citizens in mind, and assures him that they will remain loyal.
Date: December 4, 1856

Title: Chisolm Inhaler
Description: Reproduction of a Chisolm Inhaler, invented by Confederate surgeon Julian John Chisolm for the administration of chloroform to wounded soldiers. During the Civil War, chloroform slowly replaced ether as an incapacitating agent to subdue struggling and suffering patients. Traditionally, chloroform was administered to wounded soldiers by placing drops of the drug onto a cone-shaped cloth, which was then placed over the patient's nose and mouth. Not only did this method waste chloroform, as much of it evaporated into the air, but also it often left everyone in the operating room slightly affected by the drug. Dr. Chisolm's invention solved this issue with his inhaler, which confined the fluid to the patient alone.
Object Type: Image
Date: n.d.

Title: Soldier, Eleventh Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
Description: This sepia carte de visite, ca. 1861-1865, depicts an unidentified soldier who served in the Eleventh Kansas Volunteer Cavalry. It was produced by photographer J.P. Babbitt of Fort Scott, Kansas. Carte de visites were small photographs that were often used as calling cards and became very popular during the Civil War.
Object Type: Image

Title: List of Colored Recruits Enlisted, 6th District Missouri
Description: This December 1863 military roll lists the names of "colored recruits" enlisted in the 30th sub-district of the 6th congressional district of Missouri in Chariton County. The roll provides the soldiers' physical characteristics, occupations, birthplaces, and the names of their owners.
Date: December 1863

Title: From G.A. Parsons to Robert M. Stewart
Description: This dispatch, dated August 25, 1859 is from G.A. Parsons, Adjutant General of the Missouri Militia, to Missouri Gov. Robert M. Stewart. Parsons relays a rumor that Kansas guerrillas are threatening to invade the border counties of Missouri, including Bates and Vernon Counties, in retaliation for the arrest of a man named “Pickles.” Parsons suggests that Stewart send an officer to the Kansas line to “watch the movements of the enemy.”
Date: August 25, 1859

Title: Examination of Charles Barbee
Description: This is Charles Barbee's 1866 Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Barbee, a 48-year-old Kentucky native, states that he has lived in Missouri for 6 years, and was enrolled by the military authorities as "loyal" in 1862. The oath is No. 252 in a bound volume.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: 1866

Title: William S. Graham
Description: This portrait of Lieutenant William S. Graham, Company H, 2nd U.S. Volunteers is affixed to a postcard with the words, "Ever Thine" written above Graham's signature. The postcard was sent to Osceola, St. Clair Co., Missouri with a 3 cent stamp attached.
Object Type: Image
Date: 1860 - 1865

Civil War on the Western Border: The Missouri-Kansas Conflict, 1854-1865

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