Civil War

Title: Examination of William Groom
Description: This is William Groom's 1866 Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Groom, a 51-year-old Kentucky native, states that he has lived in Missouri for 38 years and manifested his loyalty during the war by "staying at home and attending to my own business." The oath is No. 167 in a bound volume.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: 1866

Title: Report of Deputy U.S. Marshal William H. Tebbs
Description: This report, dated September 29, 1856, is addressed to Kansas Gov. John W. Geary and is signed by Deputy U.S. Marshal William H. Tebbs. Tebbs tells Geary that the U.S. Marshal sent him to Topeka to make several arrests. In his first attempt to make an arrest, Tebbs says, the suspect escaped and could not be found; the townspeople then told him that if he tried to arrest anyone else, he would be resisted. Tebbs also informs Geary that Col. Lane was spotted near the Nebraska state line.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: September 29, 1856

Title: Tender of Service of Martin White
Description: In this document, created October 5, 1856, a volunteer company of mounted riflemen in Lykins County, Kansas, tenders its service to the Governor of Kansas Territory. The document includes a list of the company’s officers, including Captain Martin White.
Date: October 5, 1856

Title: From John Montgomery and C.H. Withington to John W. Geary
Description: John Montgomery and C.H. Withington write a letter to Kansas Gov. John W. Geary on September 16, 1856. They inform Geary that a group of armed abolitionists belonging to Gen. Lane’s army invaded their settlement in Allen County, robbed stores, destroyed property, and declared that anyone who refused to join them “may expect to meet a bitter fate.” Montgomery and Withington claim that their community has no means of self-defense and they ask Geary for protection.
Date: September 16, 1856

Title: Col. William D. Wood's Missouri State Militia 8th Cavalry Regiment Certificate of Mustering In
Description: In this military document, Col. William D. Wood musters Captain David D. Stockton's Company of Mounted as Missouri State Militia 8th Cavalry Regiment Company "A".
Date: December 18, 1861

Title: From Daniel L. Chandler to John Stillman Brown
Description: This letter is from Daniel L. Chandler to John Stillman Brown. Chandler writes from West Point and Kansas City, Missouri, and Mapleton, Kansas on September 25 and 28, and October 1 and 6, 1861. Chandler, a steward at a military hospital, describes caring for soldiers wounded in the Battle of Dry Creek and the Sacking of Osceola. Chandler shares his fears about the future: "The condition of the State of Missouri is indeed most gloomy, and if the war continues a year longer the territory will be turned into a desert."
Object Type: Letter
Date: September 25, 1861-October 6, 1861

Title: From E.F. Slaughter to Eliza Colgan
Description: On October 7, 1864, E.F. Slaughter writes from Hickmans Mill, Missouri to Mrs. Eliza Colgan. Slaughter says that prices for goods are rising and "farmers can't keep up with the merchant." He reports that the railroad is complete "from Independence to Kansas City and next spring will be run through to St. Louis…If we only had peace we might enjoy the sight of such improvements." He also mentions that "there was a great revival of religion in the army."
Date: October 7, 1864

Title: Resolutions Presented to the Missouri State Convention
Description: This document includes several resolutions presented to the Missouri State Convention held in Jefferson City, Missouri during February and March 1861. Mr. Linton suggests that “there exists no adequate cause why Missouri should secede from the Union,” while Mr. Hendrick declares that the secession of other states “is unauthorized in law and without adequate cause in fact.” Mr. Orr resolves “that we have the best government in the world and intend to keep it.” The signature of Secretary Samuel A. Lowe attests that the document is a true copy.
Object Type: Government Document

Title: Sale of Slave
Description: This document declares the sale of four slaves—Ritter, Bird, Fanny, and John—to Stephen Bedford for $182.50. It was signed and dated by Marion M. Biggerstaff of Clinton County, Missouri on July 5, 1857.
Object Type: Legal Document
Date: July 5, 1857

Title: Examination of Henry Hill
Description: This is Henry Hill's Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Hill, a 62-year-old resident of Liberty, Missouri, states that he was born in Philadelphia and remained loyal to the United States Government during the Civil War. The oath, labeled No. 36 in a bound volume, was signed by Hill in 1866.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: 1866

Title: Examination of Llewellyn Fritzlin
Description: This is Llewellyn Fritzlin's 1866 Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Fritzlin, a 23-year-old Missouri native, states that he left the state during the war, but "I did not leave to keep out of the service[.] I had exemption papers." He also says he was not required to give bond during the war. The oath is No. 250 in a bound volume.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: 1866

Title: Examination of William B. Pence
Description: This is William B. Pence's 1866 Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Pence, 30, states that he resides in Clay County, Missouri. He says he was enrolled by the military authorities as "Disloyal against my will" in 1862, and required to give bond. The oath is No. 210 in a bound volume.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: 1866

Title: Examination of George Hughes
Description: This is George Hughes's Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Hughes describes himself as a 40-year-old resident of Liberty, Missouri. He states that he remained loyal to the United States Government during the Civil War, but expresses concern that requiring voters to make an oath of loyalty is "contrary to the Constitution of the U.S." The oath, labeled No. 48 in a bound volume, was signed by Hughes, a professor at William Jewell College, in 1866.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: 1866

Title: From Edward Fitch to Dear Parents
Description: In this January 20, 1856 letter to his parents in Massachusetts, Edward Fitch of Lawrence, Kansas writes that Missourians launched an attack near Leavenworth on Election Day and tried to confiscate the ballot boxes. Fitch predicts an imminent war, and laments: “How long O Lord must we suffer thus. I hope you will raise an army in the East and March through Missouri and Proclaim liberty to the slave.” Included is a copy of a September 15, 1855 broadside published by John Speer that challenges the Bogus Legislature.
Date: January 20, 1856

Title: Examination of William J. Bishop
Description: This is William J. Bishop's Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Bishop, who was born in New York, describes himself as a 52-year-old resident of Liberty, Missouri. He states that he demonstrated his loyalty to the Union during the Civil War "by doing military duty for the govt." The oath, labeled No. 44 in a bound volume, was signed by Bishop on September 29, 1866.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: September 29, 1866

Title: From Lewis Stafford to Kate Newland
Description: This letter, dated September 28, 29, and 30, 1861 is from Lewis Stafford in Chillicothe, Missouri to Kate Newland. Stafford reports on the recent movement of his regiment, the 1st Kansas Infantry, from Rolla to Chillicothe, Missouri. He eagerly anticipates fighting the Secessionists and giving them “an awful thrashing . . . But I shudder to think of the brave men who will fall victims to the rage of the ruthless enemy.”
Date: September 28, 1861-September 30, 1861

Title: Invoices of Quartermaster's Stores
Description: This military document is a collection of Quartermaster Property Invoices for the Missouri State Militia 8th Cavalry Regiment Company "A" that shows the transfer of various items such as mule collars and wagons in between Lieutenant T. E. Gray, Captain James J. Akard, and Captain R. B. Owen.
Date: 1863 - 1865

Title: From R.R. Boone to Dear Father
Description: R.R. Boone writes a letter from Buchanan County, Missouri to his father on September 12, 1858. Boone reacts to news of guerrilla warfare in Kansas, proclaiming "I am a great mind some times to gather my Rifle and gow & skalp some of these infernal theaving abolitionist." He criticizes both political parties and voices anger that the government has not put a stop to the violence in Kansas.
Date: September 12, 1858

Title: Circular No. 23
Description: This document, entitled Circular No. 23, is dated April 22, 1865 and is signed by Col. E.B. Alexander in St. Louis. The Circular instructs Provost Marshals to discontinue all printing, publishing, and advertising connected with the business of their offices, and to close all accounts existing for the same purpose.
Date: April 22, 1865

Title: From Alex M. Bedford to Mary E. Bedford
Description: On October 31, 1863, Alex M. Bedford writes from Johnson’s Island, near Sandusky City, Ohio, to his wife Mary E. Bedford. Alex advises Mary not to return home until she is sure it’s safe. Alex describes an agreement made with M. Jeff Thompson about paying to send longer letters, which “suits us first rate.” He recalls his experience the previous year as a wounded prisoner of war in Alabama, where he recovered at the home of a kind family who "seem like my relations."
Date: October 31, 1863

Civil War on the Western Border: The Missouri-Kansas Conflict, 1854-1865

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