Civil War

Title: From Florella Brown Adair to Samuel Lyle Adair and Emma Adair
Description: This letter, dated November 8, 1860, was written by Florella Brown Adair in Hudson, Ohio, to her husband Samuel Lyle Adair and daughter Emma Adair in Osawatomie, Kansas. Florella writes that she just returned to Hudson after a trip to Ashtabula, Geauga, and Portage Counties. She says that she will come home if necessary, but is reluctant to because of the present difficult times in Kansas. Florella adds that she came to Ohio “hoping to enjoy the society of my friends once more after being so long shut up in Kansas and I have so far not been disappointed.”
Date: November 8, 1860

Title: From John A. Bushnell to Eugenia Bronaugh
Description: John A. Bushnell writes a letter from his home in Calhoun, Missouri to Eugenia Bronaugh. In the letter, dated August 17, 1864, Bushnell expresses his contempt for disloyal citizens, declaring them evil. He tells Eugenia of his plans to visit her, but emphasizes his need for caution due to the danger of bushwhackers and radicals. He speaks of his hope for peace in Missouri and predicts an impending “crisis” in the northern states.
Date: August 17, 1864

Title: From Edward Fitch to Dear Parents
Description: This letter, dated September 21, 1856, is from Edward Fitch of Lawrence, Kansas to his parents in Massachusetts. He tells them that he and his army regiment marched to Franklin the previous week in an attempt to defend the town from Border Ruffians. The Ruffians rode into town, burned several buildings, robbed Fitch of everything he owned, and then “dispersed in different directions . . . stealing and murdering as they went.” Fitch mentions his suspicion that Governor Geary is a traitor who has negotiated with the Border Ruffians.
Object Type: Letter
Date: September 21, 1856-September 28, 1856

Title: From R.G. Elliott to Dear Sister
Description: This letter, dated August 24, 1863, is from R.G. Elliott in Lawrence, Kansas to his sister. He informs her that he was taken prisoner during Quantrill's Raid on Lawrence, but managed to escape. He states that troops from Kansas City are in pursuit of Quantrill's Raiders, but he does not believe they will catch them. Following the Raid, he writes, "We have been engaged ever since in burying the dead."
Object Type: Letter
Date: August 24, 1863

Title: From Charles R. Jennison to Charles Robinson
Description: This letter was written by Charles R. Jennison in Mound City, Kansas, to Kansas Gov. Charles Robinson on August 22, 1862. Jennison writes that in southern Kansas there is “a general feeling that Lane is a great humbug.” Jennison notes that he has a petition from Dr. Mitchell – a Missourian – and other “Lane men” who are organizing a new regiment in Mound City. Jennison believes that Kansas men should command Kansas troops.
Date: August 22, 1862

Title: From John Tasmilen to John Ament
Description: This 1864 letter was written by John Tasmilen in Centralia, Missouri to John Ament. Declaring that “slavery is dead” and the war nearly over, John predicts that preachers will try to take credit for ending slavery, “but they lie, they sanctioned it as long as they could.” John encourages Ament to return to Cass County, Missouri: “I think you would find a great political change since you left…so that I think you might feel safe.”
Date: 1864

Title: Examination of Z. Barnes
Description: This is Z. Barnes's 1866 Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Barnes, a 69-year-old Pennsylvania native, states that he has lived in Missouri since 1845. He says that during the war he was "in sentiment on the Southern side," and was not required by the military authorities to give bond. The oath is No. 256 in a bound volume.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: 1866

Title: From H.M. Clark to R.M. Stewart
Description: This June 2, 1858 letter is from Capt. H.M. Clark in Boonville, Missouri to Missouri Gov. R.M. Stewart. Clark volunteers his company, the Union Riflemen of Cooper County, Missouri, to assist in patrolling the western border to "preserve peace with Kansas." He states that he can offer a force of fifty mounted men, or light infantry, and adds that they need a few additional tents and wagons.
Date: June 2, 1858

Title: Abstract of Ordinance Expenditure, 1864
Description: This military document includes two abstracts of materials expended or consumed by the Missouri State Militia 8th Cavalry Regiment Company "A". These abstracts are documentation of the first and second quarters of 1864.
Date: 1864

Title: From W.W. Thayer to James Montgomery
Description: On April 16, 1861, W.W. Thayer of Boston writes a letter to James Montgomery, encouraging him to mount an insurrection in the South and help liberate the slaves. Thayer argues that an organized slave rebellion could bring a swift end to the war: “a bloody war full of horrors concentrated into a few days or months would be far preferable to one consuming time, money, lives.” He warns Montgomery that the people of the South are brave and that they “will fight to the bitter End.” A note from R.J. Hinton at the bottom of the letter states that James Lane was recently put in command of 1,000 troops in Washington.
Date: April 16, 1861

Title: From A.M. Bedford to Mary E. Bedford
Description: This letter, dated August 2, 1863, is from Lieut. A.M. Bedford to his wife Mary E. Bedford in Savannah, Missouri. Bedford, imprisoned at Johnson’s Island, Ohio, tells his wife that he is looking forward to her visit, and that he plans to have a degarian artist to visit and make a portrait of them. He asks her if she received his last letter, and tells her he had enclosed 2 rings for “the little girls.”
Date: August 2, 1863

Title: 1860 Missouri Census Table
Description: This ca. 1860 printed document presents the results of the 1860 Missouri census, showing the population of whites, “free colored” and slaves in each county. The table lists the total state population as 1,182,012, with 1,063,599 whites, 3,572 Free Colored, and 114,931 slaves. Lafayette County has the largest slave population with 6,374 slaves. The table also reveals a small American Indian population in Gasconade and Jackson Counties.
Object Type: Government Document

Title: From Frederick Starr to Dear Father and All
Description: On October 30, 1854, Frederick Starr writes from Weston, Missouri to “Dear Father and all.” Starr describes the hostile atmosphere in Weston: “for 2 years I have lived in this community, and because I was born in the north, have been belied, opposed & persecuted…I have been stigmatized as an abolitionist, & everything done to drive me from the country that could be done.” Starr also writes about attending a meeting of the Self Defensive Association of Platte County, Missouri, to give his opinions on slavery and answer charges of abolitionism.
Date: October 30, 1854

Title: Missouri State Militia Special Order No. 52
Description: By order of Brigadier General John B. Sanborn, 1st Lt. W. D. Hubbard calls for James J. Akard and six other commanding officers from the Missouri State Militia 6th and 8th Calvary Regiments to serve as the Court for the trial of a war prisoner.
Date: February 25, 1864

Title: Examination of L.D. Marr
Description: This is L.D. Marr's 1866 Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Marr, a native of Kentucky, states that he has lived in Missouri for nine years. He says he traveled to Illinois during the war "and was away a few weeks." The oath is No. 230 in a bound volume.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: 1866

Title: Examination of Littleberry Estes
Description: This is Littleberry Estes's 1866 Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Estes, a 63-year-old Virginia native, states that he has lived in Missouri for 43 years and opposed "the enemies of the Government" by staying at home and growing produce "to feed the troops to fight the Rebels." The oath is No. 183 in a bound volume.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: 1866

Title: Indictment Against Andrew Reeder et al.
Description: This indictment was issued against Andrew H. Reeder, Charles Robinson, James H. Lane, George W. Brown, George W. Dietzler, George W. Smith, Samuel N. Wood, and Gaius Jenkins for the crime of treason. The indictment, issued October 4, 1856 by the 3rd U.S. District Court of Kansas Territory, accuses Reeder and the others of “unlawfully and traitorously” assembling for the purpose of “overthrowing and subverting by force and violence” the government of Kansas Territory, among other crimes.
Object Type: Legal Document
Date: October 4, 1856

Title: Examination of Thomas G. Leitch
Description: This is Thomas G. Leitch's 1866 Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Leitch, a 34-year-old Virginia native, states that he has lived in Missouri for 12 years and served in the militia during the war. The oath is No. 242 in a bound volume.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: 1866

Title: Examination of Samuel H. Bryan
Description: This is Samuel H. Bryan's 1866 Oath of Loyalty to the United States. Bryan, a 24-year-old native of Monroe County, Missouri, states that he served three years in the Federal army during the war. The oath is No. 195 in a bound volume.
Object Type: Government Document
Date: 1866

Title: From James Boyer to A. Comingo
Description: On December 22, 1863, James Boyer, Deputy Provost Marshal for Chariton County, Missouri, writes from Brunswick, Missouri, to Capt. A. Comingo, Provost Marshal for the 6th District of Missouri, in Lexington, Missouri. Boyer expresses concern that a number of deserters he arrested were exonerated after being delivered to the authorities at Macon City, Missouri. Boyer believes that the soldiers should have been found guilty of deserting, and declares, "there is no use in having a law if it is not lived up to."
Date: December 22, 1863

Civil War on the Western Border: The Missouri-Kansas Conflict, 1854-1865

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